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List of bridges in Canada

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of bridges and viaducts in Canada, including those for pedestrians and vehicular traffic.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

[edit]

There are only a few covered bridges left in Canada. In Quebec, despite over 1,200 existing in the last century, today there are only 88 remaining.[1][2] In New Brunswick, 58 covered bridges have been identified.[3]

Name Distinction Length Type Carries
Crosses
Opened Location Province Ref.
1 Victoria Bridge Longest bridge in the world when inaugurated
Span : 100 m (330 ft)
2,009 m (6,591 ft) Tubular
Wrought iron
1859 MontrealSaint-Lambert
45°29′30.4″N 73°31′44.1″W / 45.491778°N 73.528917°W / 45.491778; -73.528917 (Victoria Bridge)
Quebec [Note 1]
[S 1]
[4]
2 Powerscourt Covered Bridge Last McCallum truss type bridge in use.
The oldest covered bridge still existing in Canada.
National Historic Site
Historic monument
50 m (160 ft) Covered bridge
Wood, McCallum truss, masonry piers
Road bridge
Chemin de la 1ère Concession
Châteauguay River
1862 ElginHinchinbrooke
45°00′25.2″N 74°09′39.7″W / 45.007000°N 74.161028°W / 45.007000; -74.161028 (Powerscourt Covered Bridge)
Quebec [H 1]
[H 2]
[P 1]
[S 2]
3 West Montrose Covered Bridge Only remaining covered bridge in Ontario
Cultural heritage
60 m (200 ft) Covered bridge
Wood and steel, Howe truss, concrete piers
Road bridge
Covered Bridge Dr
Grand River (Ontario)
1881 West Montrose
43°35′08.1″N 80°28′53.3″W / 43.585583°N 80.481472°W / 43.585583; -80.481472 (West Montrose Covered Bridge)
Ontario [H 3]
4 Stoney Creek Bridge (1885) Highest timber bridge ever built
Height : 84 m (276 ft)
138 m (453 ft) Truss
Wooden Howe truss deck, wooden piers
1885 Golden
51°22′46.6″N 117°27′57.2″W / 51.379611°N 117.465889°W / 51.379611; -117.465889 (Stoney Creek Bridge (1885))
British Columbia [5]
[6]
5 Frontière Bridge [fr] Historic monument 31 m (102 ft) Covered bridge
Wood, Town truss
Former road bridge
Chemin du Pont Couvert
Mud stream
1896 Potton
45°00′42.5″N 72°22′24.4″W / 45.011806°N 72.373444°W / 45.011806; -72.373444 (Frontière Bridge)
Quebec [H 4]
[P 2]
[S 3]
6 Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge Historic monument 152 m (499 ft) Covered bridge
Wood, Town and queen post truss, wooden piers filled with stones
Road bridge
Chemin du Pont-Rouge
Coulonge River
1898 Mansfield-et-Pontefract
45°51′40.8″N 76°44′26.6″W / 45.861333°N 76.740722°W / 45.861333; -76.740722 (Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge)
Quebec [P 3]
[S 4]
7 Hartland Covered Bridge World's longest covered bridge
National Historic Site
Historic monument
391 m (1,283 ft) Covered bridge
Wood, Howe truss, concrete piers
Road bridge
Hartland Bridge Hill Road
Saint John River
1901 Hartland
46°17′48.1″N 67°31′49.1″W / 46.296694°N 67.530306°W / 46.296694; -67.530306 (Hartland Covered Bridge)
New Brunswick [H 5]

[H 6]

[S 5]
8 Capilano Suspension Bridge Span : 137 m (449 ft)
Height : 70 m (230 ft)
137 m (449 ft) Suspension
Steel
Footbridge
Capilano River
1903 North Vancouver
49°20′34.5″N 123°06′53.4″W / 49.342917°N 123.114833°W / 49.342917; -123.114833 (Capilano Suspension Bridge)
British Columbia [S 6]
[7]
9 Cap-Rouge trestle Height : 52 m (171 ft) 1,016 m (3,333 ft) Trestle bridge
Steel
1908 Quebec City
46°44′53.1″N 71°20′33.0″W / 46.748083°N 71.342500°W / 46.748083; -71.342500 (Cap-Rouge trestle)
Quebec [S 7]
[8]
10 Lethbridge Viaduct Largest railway structure in Canada and the largest of its type in the world
Height : 96 m (315 ft)
1,625 m (5,331 ft) Trestle bridge
Steel
Railway bridge
Oldman River
1909 Lethbridge
49°41′51.3″N 112°52′06.1″W / 49.697583°N 112.868361°W / 49.697583; -112.868361 (Lethbridge Viaduct)
Alberta [S 8]
[9]
[10]
11 Florenceville Bridge Local Historic Place Covered bridge
Wood, Howe truss
Sort
Road bridge
Promenade Jim Davis
Saint John River
1911 Florenceville-Bristol
46°26′30.0″N 67°37′16.2″W / 46.441667°N 67.621167°W / 46.441667; -67.621167 (Florenceville Bridge)
New Brunswick [H 7]
[S 9]
12 Centre Street Bridge Municipal Historic Resource 178 m (584 ft) Arch
Concrete deck arch
1916 Calgary
51°03′10.6″N 114°03′45.1″W / 51.052944°N 114.062528°W / 51.052944; -114.062528 (Centre Street Bridge)
Alberta [H 8]
[S 10]
[11]
13 Kinsol Trestle One of the largest wooden trestle in Canada
Height : 44 m (144 ft)
187 m (614 ft) Trestle bridge
Wood, 46 spans, 8 levels, Howe truss
Former railway bridge
Koksilah River
1920 Shawnigan Lake
48°40′06.4″N 123°41′38.1″W / 48.668444°N 123.693917°W / 48.668444; -123.693917 (Kinsol Trestle)
British Columbia [H 9]
[12]
14 Alexandra Suspension Bridge Local Historic Place Suspension
Steel truss deck, concrete pylons
Road bridge
Fraser Canyon
1926 Spuzzum
49°42′26.6″N 121°25′00.2″W / 49.707389°N 121.416722°W / 49.707389; -121.416722 (Alexandra Suspension Bridge)
British Columbia [H 10]
15 Peace Bridge Canada–United States border 1,768 m (5,801 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
1927 Fort ErieBuffalo
42°54′24.9″N 78°54′19.0″W / 42.906917°N 78.905278°W / 42.906917; -78.905278 (Peace Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 11]
16 Routhierville Bridge [fr] Historic monument
Cultural Heritage Register
78 m (256 ft) Covered bridge
Wood, Quebec Town Truss
Road bridge
Chemin du Rang A
Matapedia River
1931 Routhierville
48°10′56.4″N 67°8′55.9″W / 48.182333°N 67.148861°W / 48.182333; -67.148861 (Routhierville Bridge)
Quebec [H 11]
[P 4]
[S 12]
17 Arvida Bridge [fr] First bridge in the world built entirely of aluminum
Span : 91 m (299 ft)
Heritage monument
154 m (505 ft) Arch
Aluminium deck arch
Road bridge
Route du Pont
Saguenay River
1950 Arvida
48°26′41.2″N 71°13′06.2″W / 48.444778°N 71.218389°W / 48.444778; -71.218389 (Arvida Bridge)
Quebec [P 5]
[S 13]
[13]
18 Montmorency Falls Suspension Bridge Suspension
Steel
1993 Quebec City
46°53′26.9″N 71°08′51.7″W / 46.890806°N 71.147694°W / 46.890806; -71.147694 (Montmorency Falls Suspension Bridge)
Quebec [S 14]
[14]
19 Esplanade Riel 197 m (646 ft) Cable-stayed
Side-spar, concrete box girder deck, 1 steel pylon
86+106
2003 Winnipeg
49°53′26.9″N 97°07′36.6″W / 49.890806°N 97.126833°W / 49.890806; -97.126833 (Esplanade Riel)
Manitoba [S 15]
[15]


Major road and railway bridges

[edit]

Canada's longest bridge is the Confederation Bridge in the Gulf of St. Lawrence with a total of 12,910 metres (8.02 mi) between abutments, it's also the world's longest bridge over ice-covered water. More than 5,000 local workers helped with the project, which cost about $1 billion.[16][17]

The Quebec Bridge has been the longest cantilever bridge span in the world since 1917, measuring 549 metres (1,801 ft) between its two piles.[H 12] It helds the record of all-categories longest span in the world until the opening of the Ambassador Bridge, it's the last bridge that broke such a record before suspension bridges hold the award by far.[18] It was designated a National Historic Sites of Canada in 1995.[H 12]

In 1929, the Ambassador Bridge between Canada and United States surpassed the Quebec Bridge with a 564 metres (1,850 ft) main span and became the largest crossing in the world[19] until the inauguration of the George Washington Bridge in 1931 in New York City which almost doubled the range hitherto achieved.[20]

Studies have been carried out for crossing the Saguenay River near Tadoussac just before the confluence with the St. Lawrence River,[21] the latest project presented by the COWI A/S company includes the construction of a 1,145 metres (3,757 ft) span suspension bridge with a 70 metres (230 ft) clearance above the river.[22]

This table presents the structures with spans greater than 100 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Name Span Length Type Carries
Crosses
Opened Location Province Ref.
1 Gordie Howe International Bridge
under construction
853 m (2,799 ft) 2,500 m (8,200 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel box girder deck, concrete pylons
2024 WindsorDetroit
42°17′14.3″N 83°05′53.1″W / 42.287306°N 83.098083°W / 42.287306; -83.098083 (Gordie Howe International Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
2 Pierre Laporte Bridge 667 m (2,188 ft) 1,041 m (3,415 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
186+667+186
1970 Quebec City
46°44′43.3″N 71°17′25.9″W / 46.745361°N 71.290528°W / 46.745361; -71.290528 (Pierre Laporte Bridge)
Quebec [Note 2]
[S 16]
[23]
[24]
3 Ambassador Bridge 564 m (1,850 ft) 2,286 m (7,500 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1929 WindsorDetroit
42°18′42.5″N 83°04′26.0″W / 42.311806°N 83.073889°W / 42.311806; -83.073889 (Ambassador Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 17]
[19]
4 Quebec Bridge 549 m (1,801 ft) 987 m (3,238 ft) Cantilever
Steel truss
157+549+157
1917 Quebec CityLévis
46°44′43.9″N 71°17′16.3″W / 46.745528°N 71.287861°W / 46.745528; -71.287861 (Quebec Bridge)
Quebec [H 12]
[S 18]
[25]
5 Lions Gate Bridge 473 m (1,552 ft) 1,517 m (4,977 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
187+473+187
1938 Vancouver
49°18′55.1″N 123°08′19.5″W / 49.315306°N 123.138750°W / 49.315306; -123.138750 (Lions Gate Bridge)
British Columbia [H 13]
[S 19]
[26]
[27]
6 Port Mann Bridge (2012) 470 m (1,540 ft) 2,020 m (6,630 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
190+470+190
2012 Surrey
49°13′10.9″N 122°48′46.8″W / 49.219694°N 122.813000°W / 49.219694; -122.813000 (Port Mann Bridge (2012))
British Columbia [S 20]
[28]
[29]
7 Alex Fraser Bridge 465 m (1,526 ft) 2,524 m (8,281 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
50+183+465+183+50
1986 Delta
49°09′35.2″N 122°56′34.8″W / 49.159778°N 122.943000°W / 49.159778; -122.943000 (Alex Fraser Bridge)
British Columbia [S 21]
[30]
8 Angus L. Macdonald Bridge 441 m (1,447 ft) 1,347 m (4,419 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
160+441+160
Road bridge
Halifax Harbour
1955 Halifax, Nova Scotia
44°39′48.7″N 63°35′05.6″W / 44.663528°N 63.584889°W / 44.663528; -63.584889 (Angus L. Macdonald Bridge)
Nova Scotia [S 22]
[31]
[32]
9 A. Murray MacKay Bridge 427 m (1,401 ft) 1,236 m (4,055 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
156+427+156
1970 Halifax, Nova Scotia
44°40′38.5″N 63°36′44.6″W / 44.677361°N 63.612389°W / 44.677361; -63.612389 (A. Murray MacKay Bridge)
Nova Scotia [S 23]
[33]
[34]
10 Port Mann Bridge (1964)
dismantled in 2012
366 m (1,201 ft) 2,093 m (6,867 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
110+366+110
1964 Surrey
49°13′06.0″N 122°48′41.7″W / 49.218333°N 122.811583°W / 49.218333; -122.811583 (Port Mann Bridge (1964))
British Columbia [S 24]
[35]
[36]
[37]
11 Ogdensburg–Prescott International Bridge 351 m (1,152 ft) 2,248 m (7,375 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1960 JohnstownOgdensburg
44°44′06.5″N 75°27′33.3″W / 44.735139°N 75.459250°W / 44.735139; -75.459250 (Ogdensburg–Prescott International Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 25]
12 Skybridge (TransLink) 340 m (1,120 ft) 616 m (2,021 ft) Cable-stayed
Concrete deck, concrete pylons
1990 SurreyNew Westminster
49°12′19.4″N 122°53′46.9″W / 49.205389°N 122.896361°W / 49.205389; -122.896361 (Skybridge (TransLink))
British Columbia [S 26]
[38]
13 Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing 335 m (1,099 ft) 1,292 m (4,239 ft) Cantilever
Steel
4x86+142+335+142
1960 VancouverNorth Vancouver
49°17′40.8″N 123°01′33.5″W / 49.294667°N 123.025972°W / 49.294667; -123.025972 (Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing)
British Columbia [S 27]
[13]
14 Laviolette Bridge 335 m (1,099 ft) 2,707 m (8,881 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
124+167+335+167
+2x124
1967 Trois-Rivières
46°18′25.9″N 72°33′41.8″W / 46.307194°N 72.561611°W / 46.307194; -72.561611 (Laviolette Bridge)
Quebec [S 28]
[39]
15 Jacques Cartier Bridge 334 m (1,096 ft) 2,687 m (8,816 ft) Cantilever
Steel
128+334+128
1930 MontrealLongueuil
45°31′18.7″N 73°32′30.0″W / 45.521861°N 73.541667°W / 45.521861; -73.541667 (Jacques Cartier Bridge)
Quebec [S 29]
[40]
[41]
16 New Pattullo Bridge
under construction
332 m (1,089 ft) 1,227 m (4,026 ft) Cable-stayed
1 concrete pylon
332+162+84
2024 SurreyNew Westminster
49°12′30.9″N 122°53′37.6″W / 49.208583°N 122.893778°W / 49.208583; -122.893778 (New Pattullo Bridge)
British Columbia [42]
[43]
17 Île d'Orléans Bridge 323 m (1,060 ft) 1,838 m (6,030 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
72+127+323+127+72
1936 Quebec CityÎle d'Orléans
46°52′46.3″N 71°08′03.0″W / 46.879528°N 71.134167°W / 46.879528; -71.134167 (Île d'Orléans Bridge)
Quebec [S 30]
[44]
18 Lewiston–Queenston Bridge 305 m (1,001 ft) 488 m (1,601 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
1962 QueenstonLewiston
43°09′11.2″N 79°02′40.5″W / 43.153111°N 79.044583°W / 43.153111; -79.044583 (Lewiston–Queenston Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 31]
19 Grand-Mère Bridge [fr] 289 m (948 ft) 337 m (1,106 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1929 Shawinigan
46°37′11.6″N 72°40′35.7″W / 46.619889°N 72.676583°W / 46.619889; -72.676583 (Grand-Mère Bridge)
Quebec [S 32]
[45]
[46]
20 Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls) 289 m (948 ft) 442 m (1,450 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
Road bridge
Niagara River
1941 Niagara FallsNiagara Falls, New York
43°05′24.6″N 79°04′03.3″W / 43.090167°N 79.067583°W / 43.090167; -79.067583 (Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls))
Ontario
 United States
[S 33]
21 Peace River Suspension Bridge
collapse in 1957
283 m (928 ft) 640 m (2,100 ft) Suspension
Steel truss, steel pylons
142+283+142
1943 Taylor
56°08′15.2″N 120°40′21.5″W / 56.137556°N 120.672639°W / 56.137556; -120.672639 (Peace River Suspension Bridge)
British Columbia [S 34]
[47]
22 Second Blue Water Bridge 281 m (922 ft) 1,862 m (6,109 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
85+281+85
1997 SarniaPort Huron
42°59′54.6″N 82°25′25.0″W / 42.998500°N 82.423611°W / 42.998500; -82.423611 (Second Blue Water Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 35]
[48]
[49]
23 Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge 280 m (920 ft) 1,200 m (3,900 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
115+280+115
2011 MontrealLaval
45°38′19.7″N 73°37′17.0″W / 45.638806°N 73.621389°W / 45.638806; -73.621389 (Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge)
Quebec [S 36]
[50]
[51]
24 Dunvegan Bridge 274 m (899 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1960 Dunvegan
55°55′16.5″N 118°36′16.0″W / 55.921250°N 118.604444°W / 55.921250; -118.604444 (Dunvegan Bridge)
Alberta [S 37]
[52]
25 Seaway International South Bridge 273 m (896 ft) 1,061 m (3,481 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1958 CornwallMassena
44°59′21.9″N 74°44′23.3″W / 44.989417°N 74.739806°W / 44.989417; -74.739806 (Seaway International South Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 38]
[53]
26 Blue Water Bridge 265 m (869 ft) 1,883 m (6,178 ft) Cantilever
Steel truss
100+265+100
1938 SarniaPort Huron
42°59′56.0″N 82°25′24.8″W / 42.998889°N 82.423556°W / 42.998889; -82.423556 (Blue Water Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 39]
[48]
[49]
27 Alexandra Bridge (Trans-Canada) 257 m (843 ft) 487 m (1,598 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
1964 Spuzzum
49°42′05.8″N 121°24′36.6″W / 49.701611°N 121.410167°W / 49.701611; -121.410167 (Alexandra Bridge (Trans-Canada))
British Columbia [54]
28 Confederation Bridge 250 m (820 ft)(x43) 12,910 m (42,360 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
165+43x250+165
1997 Borden-CarletonCape Jourimain
46°12′17.5″N 63°45′30.9″W / 46.204861°N 63.758583°W / 46.204861; -63.758583 (Confederation Bridge)
Prince Edward Island
New Brunswick
[S 40]
[55]
29 J. C. Van Horne Bridge 248 m (814 ft) 804 m (2,638 ft) Cantilever
Steel truss
Road bridge
Subway Street
Restigouche River
1961 CampbelltonPointe-à-la-Croix
48°00′39.5″N 66°40′50.1″W / 48.010972°N 66.680583°W / 48.010972; -66.680583 (J. C. Van Horne Bridge)
New Brunswick
Quebec
[S 41]
[56]
30 Golden Ears Bridge 242 m (794 ft)(x3) 968 m (3,176 ft) Extradosed
Composite steel/concrete deck, 4 concrete pylons
121+3x242+121
2009 LangleyMaple Ridge
49°11′47.0″N 122°39′56.0″W / 49.196389°N 122.665556°W / 49.196389; -122.665556 (Golden Ears Bridge)
British Columbia [S 42]
[57]
[58]
[59]
31 Papineau-Leblanc Bridge 241 m (791 ft) 421 m (1,381 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel box girder deck, steel pylons
90+241+90
1969 MontrealLaval
45°34′34.5″N 73°40′00.9″W / 45.576250°N 73.666917°W / 45.576250; -73.666917 (Papineau-Leblanc Bridge)
Quebec [S 43]
[60]
32 Champlain Bridge (2019) 240 m (790 ft) 3,335 m (10,942 ft) Cable-stayed
Triple steel box girder deck, 1 concrete pylons
80+124+240
2019 MontrealBrossard
45°28′06.3″N 73°30′20.6″W / 45.468417°N 73.505722°W / 45.468417; -73.505722 (Champlain Bridge (2019))
Quebec [S 44]
[61]
[62]
33 Georgina Island Bridge 228 m (748 ft) 1,015 m (3,330 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1938 Leeds and the Thousand IslandsHill Island
44°21′47.4″N 75°58′57.3″W / 44.363167°N 75.982583°W / 44.363167; -75.982583 (Georgina Island Bridge)
Ontario [S 45]
[63]
34 Longs Creek Bridge 218 m (715 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
58+218+58
Road bridge
Saint John River
1966 Kingsclear
45°52′05.7″N 66°55′02.6″W / 45.868250°N 66.917389°W / 45.868250; -66.917389 (Longs Creek Bridge)
New Brunswick [S 46]
[64]
[65]
35 Hawkshaw Bridge 217 m (712 ft) 333 m (1,093 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
58+217+58
1967 Hawkshaw
45°57′41.4″N 67°14′53.0″W / 45.961500°N 67.248056°W / 45.961500; -67.248056 (Hawkshaw Bridge)
New Brunswick [S 47]
[66]
36 Champlain Bridge (1962)
dismantled in 2019
215 m (705 ft) 3,440 m (11,290 ft) Cantilever
Steel truss
117+215+117
1962 MontrealBrossard
45°28′02.5″N 73°30′13.0″W / 45.467361°N 73.503611°W / 45.467361; -73.503611 (Champlain Bridge (1962))
Quebec [S 48]
[67]
[68]
37 Pitt River Bridge 190 m (620 ft) 380 m (1,250 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
95+190+95
2009 Port CoquitlamPitt Meadows
49°14′52.1″N 122°43′45.0″W / 49.247806°N 122.729167°W / 49.247806; -122.729167 (Pitt River Bridge)
British Columbia [S 49]
[69]
38 Deh Cho Bridge 190 m (620 ft) 1,045 m (3,428 ft) Extradosed
Composite steel/concrete truss deck, steel pylons
3x112+190+3x112
2012 Fort Providence
61°15′52.6″N 117°31′32.0″W / 61.264611°N 117.525556°W / 61.264611; -117.525556 (Deh Cho Bridge)
Northwest Territories [S 50]
[70]
[71]
[72]
39 Revelstoke Bridge [fr] 183 m (600 ft) 302 m (991 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
1961 Revelstoke
51°00′22.9″N 118°13′12.7″W / 51.006361°N 118.220194°W / 51.006361; -118.220194 (Revelstoke Bridge)
British Columbia [S 51]
[73]
40 Burton Bridge 183 m (600 ft) 544 m (1,785 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
65+183+65
Road bridge
Saint John River
1972 MaugervilleBurton
45°51′53.1″N 66°27′05.0″W / 45.864750°N 66.451389°W / 45.864750; -66.451389 (Burton Bridge)
New Brunswick [S 52]
41 Pont des Piles 181 m (594 ft) 285 m (935 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
39+181+39
1978 Shawinigan
46°38′06.9″N 72°41′00.1″W / 46.635250°N 72.683361°W / 46.635250; -72.683361 (Pont des Piles)
Quebec [S 53]
[74]
[75]
42 North Arm Bridge 180 m (590 ft) 562 m (1,844 ft) Extradosed
Concrete box girder deck, concrete pylons
52+139+180+139+52
2008 VancouverRichmond
49°12′07.6″N 123°07′04.0″W / 49.202111°N 123.117778°W / 49.202111; -123.117778 (North Arm Bridge)
British Columbia [S 54]
[58]
[76]
43 Reversing Falls Bridge 172 m (564 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
1916 Saint John
45°15′34.3″N 66°05′12.4″W / 45.259528°N 66.086778°W / 45.259528; -66.086778 (Reversing Falls Bridge)
New Brunswick [S 55]
[77]
44 Alexandra Bridge 169 m (554 ft) 563 m (1,847 ft) Cantilever
Steel truss
75+169+2x75
1901 OttawaGatineau
45°25′48.7″N 75°42′15.8″W / 45.430194°N 75.704389°W / 45.430194; -75.704389 (Alexandra Bridge)
Ontario
Quebec
[S 56]
[78]
45 Whirlpool Rapids Bridge 167 m (548 ft) 329 m (1,079 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
1897 Niagara FallsNiagara Falls, New York
43°06′33.7″N 79°03′29.5″W / 43.109361°N 79.058194°W / 43.109361; -79.058194 (Whirlpool Rapids Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
[S 57]
46 Pont de la Concorde 160 m (520 ft)(x3) 690 m (2,260 ft) Box girder
Steel
104+3x160+104
Road bridge
Avenue Pierre Dupuy
St. Lawrence River
1965 Montreal
45°30′22.1″N 73°32′20.3″W / 45.506139°N 73.538972°W / 45.506139; -73.538972 (Pont de la Concorde)
Quebec [S 58]
[65]
47 Miscou Bridge [fr] 160 m (520 ft) 505 m (1,657 ft) Beam bridge
Steel
60+110+160+110+65
1996 Miscou IslandLamèque Island
47°53′12.7″N 64°34′40″W / 47.886861°N 64.57778°W / 47.886861; -64.57778 (Miscou Bridge)
New Brunswick [79]
48 Seal Island Bridge 152 m (499 ft) 747 m (2,451 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
107+152+107
1962 Boularderie IslandCape Breton Island
46°13′58.6″N 60°29′24.7″W / 46.232944°N 60.490194°W / 46.232944; -60.490194 (Seal Island Bridge)
Nova Scotia [S 59]
[80]
49 Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway (1958) 151 m (495 ft) 2,560 m (8,400 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
84+151+84
1958 HamiltonBurlington
43°17′53.7″N 79°47′49.1″W / 43.298250°N 79.796972°W / 43.298250; -79.796972 (Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway (1958))
Ontario [S 60]
[81]
50 Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway (1985) 151 m (495 ft) 2,215 m (7,267 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
1985 HamiltonBurlington
43°17′53.4″N 79°47′50.0″W / 43.298167°N 79.797222°W / 43.298167; -79.797222 (Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway (1985))
Ontario [S 61]
[82]
51 Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge 132 m (433 ft) 4.5 km (2.8 mi) Truss arch bridge
Steel
Road bridge
St. Marys River
1962 Sault Ste. Marie
46°30′25.31″N 84°21′40.75″W / 46.5070306°N 84.3613194°W / 46.5070306; -84.3613194 (Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge)
Ontario
 United States
52 Saint John Harbour Bridge Beam bridge
Steel
1968 Saint John
45°16′09.7″N 66°04′29.5″W / 45.269361°N 66.074861°W / 45.269361; -66.074861 (Saint John Harbour Bridge)
New Brunswick [S 62]
53 Centennial Bridge 1,180 m (3,870 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
1967 Miramichi
47°01′37.8″N 65°28′44.4″W / 47.027167°N 65.479000°W / 47.027167; -65.479000 (Centennial Bridge)
New Brunswick


The old bridges over the Niagara

[edit]

This part lists all the former bridges which succeeded one another on the Niagara River between the towns of Niagara Falls, Ontario and Queenston in Canada and Niagara Falls, New York and Lewiston in United States. The Whirlpool Rapids Bridge (1897), the Rainbow Bridge (1941) and the Lewiston–Queenston Bridge (1962), still in service are listed in the Major road and railway bridges part above.

Name Span Length Type Note Opened Location Ref.
1 First Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge
dismantled in 1855
232 m (761 ft) Suspension
Wooden pylons
First crossing of the Niagara
Conception by Charles Ellet Jr.
Replaced by the second Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge
1848 Niagara Falls, Ontario–
Niagara Falls, New York
43°06′33.2″N 79°03′29.4″W / 43.109222°N 79.058167°W / 43.109222; -79.058167 (First Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge)
[83]
2 First Lewiston–Queenston Bridge
wrecked by wind in 1864
257 m (843 ft) 317 m (1,040 ft) Suspension
1854 Queenston–Lewiston
43°09′42″N 79°02′47″W / 43.16167°N 79.04639°W / 43.16167; -79.04639 (First Queenston-Lewiston Bridge)
[S 63]
[84]
3 Second Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge
dismantled in 1897
251 m (823 ft) Suspension
with cable-stays, 2 levels wooden deck, masonry pylons
World's first working railway suspension bridge
Conception by John A. Roebling
Replaced by the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge
1855 Niagara Falls, Ontario–
Niagara Falls, New York
43°06′33.3″N 79°03′29.5″W / 43.109250°N 79.058194°W / 43.109250; -79.058194 (Second Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge)
[Note 3]
[S 64]
[85]
[86]
[87]
4 First Niagara Clifton Bridge
destroyed by storm in 1889
386 m (1,266 ft) Suspension
with cable-stays, wooden deck and pylons
Longest span in the world when inaugurated
Conception by Samuel Keefer
1868 Niagara Falls, Ontario–
Niagara Falls, New York
43°05′18.2″N 79°04′11.3″W / 43.088389°N 79.069806°W / 43.088389; -79.069806 (First Niagara Clifton Bridge)
[Note 4]
[S 65]
[88]
[89]
5 Niagara Cantilever Bridge
dismantled in 1925
151 m (495 ft) 276 m (906 ft) Cantilever
Replaced by the Michigan Central Railway Bridge 1883 Niagara Falls, Ontario–
Niagara Falls, New York
43°06′30.2″N 79°03′28.4″W / 43.108389°N 79.057889°W / 43.108389; -79.057889 (Niagara Cantilever Bridge)
[90]
6 Honeymoon Bridge
destroyed by ice push in 1938
256 m (840 ft) 378 m (1,240 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
Longest span arch bridge in the world when inaugurated 1898 Niagara Falls, Ontario–
Niagara Falls, New York
43°05′18.0″N 79°04′10.5″W / 43.088333°N 79.069583°W / 43.088333; -79.069583 (Honeymoon Bridge)
[S 66]
[91]
[92]
7 Second Lewiston–Queenston Bridge
dismantled in 1963
257 m (843 ft) 257 m (843 ft) Suspension Former Second Niagara Clifton Bridge moved 1899 Queenston–Lewiston
43°09′42″N 79°02′46″W / 43.16167°N 79.04611°W / 43.16167; -79.04611 (Second Queenston-Lewiston Bridge)
[S 67]
[93]
8 Michigan Central Railway Bridge
Out of service since 2001
195 m (640 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
1925 Niagara Falls, Ontario–
Niagara Falls, New York
43°06′31.4″N 79°03′28.9″W / 43.108722°N 79.058028°W / 43.108722; -79.058028 (Michigan Central Railway Bridge)
[S 68]
[94]
[95]


Alphabetical list

[edit]

This part is organized by province and territory.

Alberta

[edit]

British Columbia

[edit]

Manitoba

[edit]
  • Arlington Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Assiniboine River Bridge - Portage la Prairie
  • Esplanade RielWinnipeg
  • The Bridges of St Norbert - St Norbert
  • Provencher Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Elm Park Bridge − Winnipeg
  • St. Vital Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Norwood Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Main Street Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Midtown Bridge (Donald Street Bridge) − Winnipeg
  • Osborne Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Harry Lazarenko Bridge (Redwood Bridge) − Winnipeg
  • Fort Garry Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Kildonan Settlers Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Kichi Sipi Bridge - Cross Lake
  • Maryland Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Charleswood Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Disraeli Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Louise Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Slaw Rebchuk Bridge (Salter Street Bridge) − Winnipeg
  • North Perimeter Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Selkirk Lift Bridge - Selkirk
  • South Perimeter Bridge − Winnipeg
  • St Peters Dynevor Bridge
  • West Perimeter Bridge − Winnipeg
  • St. James Bridge − Winnipeg
  • Lockport Bridge − Lockport
  • Daly Overpass (18th Street Bridge) − Brandon
  • 8th Street Bridge − Brandon
  • 1st Street Bridge − Brandon
  • Thompson Bridge − Brandon
  • Bruce Cameron Bridge − Swan River
  • Taylor Bridge − Headingley
  • Pierre Delorme Bridge − St. Adolphe
  • Baie St Paul Bridge
  • Jack Bend Bridge
  • Newfoundland and Labrador

    [edit]

    New Brunswick

    [edit]

    Northwest Territories

    [edit]

    Nova Scotia

    [edit]

    Ontario

    [edit]

    Prince Edward Island

    [edit]

    Quebec

    [edit]

    Saskatchewan

    [edit]

    North Saskatchewan River

    South Saskatchewan River

    Saskatchewan River

    Other Lakes and Rivers

    Notes and references

    [edit]
    • Notes
    1. ^ The Victoria Bridge has originally one railway track, it was modified into a truss bridge in 1901, in order to widen it and accommodate a second railway track, as well as a track for trams. Today it is a Railroad Bridge.[4]
    2. ^ The length given only takes into account the main bridge, central span(s) and shore span(s), approach viaducts are not counted.
    3. ^ The bridge's span has been given lengths that ranged from 800 to 825 ft by various sources. This article takes the length stated by McCullough.[85]
    4. ^ The covering of the towers was carried out in 1872, in 1884, the wooden towers were replaced with steel, finally all the wooden components were replaced with steel in 1888 and the deck was widened.[88] The bridge can then have very different appearances depending on the year.
    • "Canadian Register of Historic Places". Historicplaces.ca.
    1. ^ "Powerscourt Covered Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    2. ^ "Pont couvert de Powerscourt". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    3. ^ "West Montrose Covered Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    4. ^ "Pont couvert de la Frontière". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    5. ^ "Hartland Covered Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    6. ^ "Hartland Covered Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    7. ^ "Florenceville Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    8. ^ "Centre Street Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    9. ^ "Kinsol Trestle". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    10. ^ "Alexandra Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    11. ^ "Pont de Routhierville" [Routhierville Bridge] (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    12. ^ a b c "Québec Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    13. ^ "Lions Gate Bridge". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    1. ^ "Pont couvert de Powerscourt" [Powerscourt Covered Bridge]. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    2. ^ "Pont couvert de la Frontière" [Frontière Covered Bridge]. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    3. ^ "Pont Félix-Gabriel-Marchand" [Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge]. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    4. ^ "Pont de Routhierville" [Routhierville Bridge] (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    5. ^ "Pont d'aluminium d'Arvida" [Arvida Aluminium Bridge]. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    1. ^ "Victoria Bridge".
    2. ^ "Powerscourt Bridge".
    3. ^ "Pont de la Frontière".
    4. ^ "Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge".
    5. ^ "Hartland Bridge".
    6. ^ "Capilano Suspension Bridge".
    7. ^ "Cap-Rouge Railroad Trestle".
    8. ^ "Lethbridge Viaduct".
    9. ^ "Florenceville Bridge".
    10. ^ "Centre Street Bridge".
    11. ^ "Peace Bridge".
    12. ^ "Pont de Routhierville".
    13. ^ "Arvida Bridge".
    14. ^ "Montmorency Falls Suspension Bridge".
    15. ^ "Esplanade Riel".
    16. ^ "Pierre Laporte Bridge".
    17. ^ "Ambassador Bridge".
    18. ^ "Quebec Bridge".
    19. ^ "Lions' Gate Bridge".
    20. ^ "Port Mann Bridge".
    21. ^ "Alex Fraser Bridge".
    22. ^ "Angus L. Macdonald Bridge".
    23. ^ "A. Murray Mackay Bridge".
    24. ^ "Port Mann Bridge".
    25. ^ "Ogdensburg Prescott International Bridge".
    26. ^ "Skybridge".
    27. ^ "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing".
    28. ^ "Laviolette Bridge".
    29. ^ "Jacques Cartier Bridge".
    30. ^ "Orleans Island Bridge".
    31. ^ "Lewiston-Queenston Bridge".
    32. ^ "Grand-Mère Suspension Bridge".
    33. ^ "Rainbow Bridge".
    34. ^ "Peace River Bridge".
    35. ^ "Second Blue Water Bridge".
    36. ^ "Olivier Charbonneau Bridge".
    37. ^ "Dunvegan Bridge".
    38. ^ "Three Nations Crossing - South Channel Bridge".
    39. ^ "Blue Water Bridge".
    40. ^ "Confederation Bridge".
    41. ^ "J.C. Van Horne Bridge".
    42. ^ "Golden Ears Bridge".
    43. ^ "Papineau-Leblanc Bridge".
    44. ^ "Samuel De Champlain Bridge".
    45. ^ "Georgina Island Bridge".
    46. ^ "Nackawic Bridge".
    47. ^ "Hawkshaw Bridge".
    48. ^ "Champlain Bridge".
    49. ^ "Pitt River Bridge".
    50. ^ "Deh Cho Bridge".
    51. ^ "Revelstoke Bridge".
    52. ^ "Burton Bridge".
    53. ^ "Grand-Mere Bridge".
    54. ^ "North Arm Bridge".
    55. ^ "Reversing Falls Bridge".
    56. ^ "Alexandra Bridge".
    57. ^ "Whirlpool Rapids Bridge".
    58. ^ "Pont de la Concorde".
    59. ^ "Seal Island Bridge".
    60. ^ "Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway".
    61. ^ "James N. Allen, Burlington Bay Skyway".
    62. ^ "Saint John Harbour Bridge".
    63. ^ "Lewiston-Queenston Suspension Bridge".
    64. ^ "Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge".
    65. ^ "Niagara Clifton Bridge".
    66. ^ "Honeymoon Bridge".
    67. ^ "Lewiston-Queenston Suspension Bridge".
    68. ^ "Michigan Central Railway Bridge".
    • Others references
    1. ^ "Patrimoine Québec - ponts couverts" [Heritage Quebec - covered bridges]. Lafolieadeux.com (in French). Archived from the original on 23 February 2004. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    2. ^ "Les ponts couverts du Québec d'hier à aujourd'hui" [The covered bridges of Quebec from yesterday to today] (PDF). Pontscouverts.com (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    3. ^ "Covered Bridges". Gnb.ca - Government of New Brunswick. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    4. ^ a b Passfield, Robert W. (2001). "Construction of the Victoria Tubular Bridge" (PDF). Canal History and Technology Proceedings. Vol. 20. pp. 5–52. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    5. ^ Sakowski, Eric. "Canada Bridges 90 to 100 meters". Highestbridges.com. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    6. ^ "Portal to the Online Railway Photos of Canadian Archives - Height of the CPR's 1885 Stoney Creek Bridge". Webpraxis.ab.ca. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    7. ^ "The Suspension Bridge". Capbridge.com - official website. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    8. ^ Lebel, Jean-Marie. "Dans le ciel de Cap-Rouge, un Tracel centenaire" [In the sky of Cap-Rouge, a century-old Tracel]. Shcr.qc.ca - Société historique du Cap-Rouge (in French). Archived from the original on 16 January 2020.
    9. ^ "Lethbridge Viaduct, Lethbridge, Alberta". Epe.lac-bac.gc.ca - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    10. ^ Prade, 1990, p.53
    11. ^ "Centre Street Bridge". Calgarypubliclibrary.com. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    12. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.36
    13. ^ a b Prade, 1990, p.65
    14. ^ "The Suspension Bridge over Montmorency Falls — A Setting for Tragedy". Wend.ca. 14 March 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    15. ^ "Esplanade Riel Pedestrian Bridge, Winnipeg, Manitoba". Dywidag-formties.com. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    16. ^ "The Confederation Bridge: Celebrating 20 years of connecting Canadians". Tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca - Public Services and Procurement Canada. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021.
    17. ^ Croken, Lowell (1 December 2009). "Mr. Lowell Croken (Chief Electoral Officer and Chief of Protocol, Legislative Assembly, Elections P.E.I.) at the Procedure and House Affairs Committee". Openparliament.ca. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    18. ^ Troyano, Leonardo Fernández (2003). Bridge Engineering - A Global Perspective. London: Thomas Telford Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 0-7277-3215-3.
    19. ^ a b "Bridge Facts". Ambassadorbridge.com - official website. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
    20. ^ "History of the George Washington Bridge". Panynj.gov - The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    21. ^ "La Société du Pont sur le Saguenay" [The Society of the Bridge on the Saguenay]. Ponttadoussac.ca (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    22. ^ Buckland, Peter (23 July 2015). Saguenay River Crossing Feasibility Study (PDF). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    23. ^ Larocca, Ana Paula C.; Schaal, Ricardo E.; Santos, Marcelo C.; Langley, Richard B. (13 September 2005). "Monitoring the Deflection of the Pierre-Laporte Suspension Bridge with the Phase Residual Method" (PDF). ION GNSS 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Long Beach, CA. pp. 2023–2028. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2009. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    24. ^ Prade, 1990, p.74
    25. ^ Waddell, John Alexander Low (1916). "Fig.25dd. Quebec Bridge over the St. Lawrence River". In John Wiley & Sons (ed.). Bridge engineering. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). New York, J. Wiley. p. 607. OL 23282798M. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    26. ^ Taylor, P.R. (1979). "Renovation of Lions' Gate Bridge". IABSE Symposium (Zürich). Vol. 32. pp. 193–203. doi:10.5169/seals-25615. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    27. ^ "A Brief History". Lionsgatebridge.gov.bc.ca - Lions Gate Project. Archived from the original on 15 August 2000.
    28. ^ Construction Update Building the new Port Mann Bridge (PDF). 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2013. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    29. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.10
    30. ^ Burkholder, Donald (7 July 2017). "Alex Fraser Bridge No 02753 General Arrangement" (PDF). Gov.bc.ca - Government of British Columbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2021.
    31. ^ Radojevic, D.; Kirkwood, K.F. (10 August 2017). "Superstructure replacement works for the Macdonald Suspension Bridge, Canada". In CRC Press (ed.). Asset Management of Bridges: Proceedings of the 9th New York Bridge Conference, August 21-22, 2017, New York City, USA, Mahmoud, Khaled M. CRC Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-138-56903-4.
    32. ^ "History of the Macdonald Bridge". Hdbc.ca - Halifax Harbour Bridges. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
    33. ^ Newhook, John; Levy, Joshua; Buckland, Peter; Eppell, Jon (2010). Using Structural Monitoring in the Evaluation of the A. Murray MacKay Bridge (PDF). Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    34. ^ "History of the Mackay Bridge". Hdbc.ca - Halifax Harbour Bridges. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
    35. ^ Ventura, Carlos E.; Felber, Andreas J.; Prion, Helmut G. I.; Taylor, Peter R.; Aegide, Van Selst (August 1995). "Dynamic characteristics of Port Mann Bridge by modal testing". IABSE Symposium: Extending the Lifespan of Structures, San Francisco, CA, USA. Vol. 73. pp. 1129–1134. doi:10.5169/seals-55322. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    36. ^ "Port Mann Bridge". B-t.com - Buckland & Taylor Ltd. Bridge Engineering. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
    37. ^ Piece-by-Piece, The Deconstruction of the old Port Mann Bridge (PDF). Canadian Consulting Engineering Awards 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    38. ^ "Translink SkyBridge, Surrey BC". Atlas-anchor.com - Atlas Anchors Systems USA, CO. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
    39. ^ Prade, 1990, p.72
    40. ^ Technical data sheet - Jacques Cartier Bridge (PDF). {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    41. ^ Prade, 1990, p.62
    42. ^ Walser, Peter; Maier, Philippa (2022). "Ersatzneubau einer Brückenquerung über den Fraser River" [Pattulo Bridge Remplacement Project in Vancouver]. Brückenbau - Construction & Engineering (in German). Vol. 1/2. pp. 92–99. ISSN 1867-643X. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    43. ^ "Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project". Pattullobridgereplacement.ca. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    44. ^ Prade, 1990, p.63
    45. ^ "Pont de Grand-Mère - Notes historiques" [Grand-Mère Bridge - Historical Notes]. Patrimoineshawinigan.ca (in French). Retrieved 8 December 2022.
    46. ^ "Photos: Pont de Grand-Mère (Grand-Mère Bridge)". Historicbridges.org. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
    47. ^ Cruden, David Milne; Martin, Derek; Thomson, Siobhan; Miller, Brendan (June 2012). A moderate velocity landslide with immoderate consequences. 11th International and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    48. ^ a b Prickett, Joseph E.; Morgenstern, Brian D.; Kulicki, John M.; Dorton, Roger A. (October 1997). "International connection" (PDF). Modern Steel Construction. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    49. ^ a b "Construction Statistics and Comparisons". Bluewaterbridge.ca. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
    50. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.9
    51. ^ "Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge". Systraibt.com. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    52. ^ Baird, Craig (14 April 2021). "The History Of Grande Prairie". Canadaehx.com - Canadian History Ehx. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    53. ^ "Seaway International Bridge - South Channel Bridge". Historicbridges.org. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
    54. ^ "Notable rehabilitation of Westham Island Bridge & Alexandra Bridge" (PDF). Seabc.ca - SEA Structural Engineers Association British Columbia. October 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    55. ^ "Confederation Bridge". Confederationbridge.com. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
    56. ^ "J.C. Van Horne Bridge". Tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca - Public Services and Procurement Canada. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    57. ^ "Adler auf den Pfeilern - Styropor im Fundament" [Eagle on the pillars - styrofoam in the foundation]. Faz.net (in German). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    58. ^ a b Mermigas, Konstantinos Kris (2008). Behaviour and Design of Extradosed Bridges (PDF) (Thesis). University of Toronto - Department of Civil Engineering. pp. 22, 26 and 136. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    59. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.18
    60. ^ Prade, 1990, p.73
    61. ^ Mailhot, Guy (June 2016). The new champlain bridge – technical requirements and delivery status report. Resilient Infrastructure. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    62. ^ "Présentation" [Presentation]. Pontsamueldechamplain.ca - official website (in French). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
    63. ^ "Bridge facts". Tibridge.com - Thousand Islands Bridge Authority. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
    64. ^ Inspection and Maintenance of Bridge Stay Cable Systems (PDF). National Cooperative Highway Research Program - Synthesis 353. 2005. p. 6. ISBN 0-309-09760-6. ISSN 0547-5570. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    65. ^ a b Prade, 1990, p.71
    66. ^ Arjomandi, Kaveh; Araki, Yumi; MacDonald, Tracy (30 March 2019). "Application of a hybrid structural health monitoring approach for condition assessment of cable-stayed bridges". Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring. Vol. 9. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    67. ^ Étude de préfaisabilité portant sur le remplacement de l'actuel pont Champlain [Pre-feasibility study for the replacement of the current Champlain Bridge] (PDF) (in French). February 2011. p. 32. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    68. ^ "Pont Champlain d'origine - Historique" [Original Champlain Bridge - History]. Jacquescartierchamplain.ca - Les Ponts Jacques Cartier et Champlain Incorporée (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    69. ^ Kennedy1, Don; Harvey, David; Khan, Saqib (25 July 2010). "Seismic design of the Pitt River Bridge" (PDF). Proceedings of the 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Toronto. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
    70. ^ Schueller, Matthias; Singh, Prabhjeet Raj (2012). Design and Construction of the Deh Cho Bridge - Challenges, Innovation, and Opportunities (PDF). Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada Fredericton, New Brunswick. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    71. ^ Vinayagamoorthy, M.; Ganesh, Mohan; Santhi, A.S. (October 2019). "Structural Robustness of a Single Span Extra Dosed Bridge over Cable Stayed Bridge". Journal of Applied Science and Engineering. Vol. 22. pp. 413–420. doi:10.6180/jase.201909_22(3).0003. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
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    See also

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    Further reading

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